Synthetic Perception, Real Risks: Building Trustworthy Vision-Language Models in the Age of Generative AI
Event Description
CSE 600 Seminar Series | Fall 2025
Abstract: Vision-language models that see and describe the world are now part of our daily lives, from internet search and accessibility tools to content generation and automatic moderation. However, as these models grow and become more widely used, their limitations have also become increasingly visible. In particular, it has been shown that these models are unable to reliably perform complex tasks that require abstraction and compositional reasoning. For example, they struggle to decompose an image or text into entities, attributes, and relations, and then reason over new combinations of these elements. As a result, we see generated content full of hallucinations, privacy leaks in images, and different types of biases in the model outputs.In this talk, I will outline a research agenda that aims to build trustworthy vision-language models in the age of generative AI. I will begin with compositional reasoning: how natural language inference can be used to decompose complex instructions and captions into atomic, verifiable statements, improving both evaluation and model behavior on tasks that require multi-step reasoning. I will then discuss how synthetic data and simulated environments can be used to train more reliable models, and how they can also stress-test models beyond standard benchmarks, revealing when models drop attributes, break object relations, or fail under distribution shifts. I will also share recent work on using hallucination correction as a signal to improve video-language alignment, and on privacy-preserving image understanding for blind and low-vision users. I will conclude with possible ways we can systematically probe, debug, and repair these models, turning synthetic perception into something we can trust in real-world deployments.
Speaker: Paola Cascante-Bonilla is a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Stony Brook University (SUNY). Before that, she was a Postdoctoral Associate at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), developing methods and metrics related to trustworthy machine learning. She received her Ph.D. in Computer Science at Rice University in 2024, working on Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and Machine Learning.Her research focuses on developing systems that enable compositional reasoning and common-sense inference through vision and language, while tackling issues such as cultural biases, data distribution, explainability, and trustworthy AI. Additionally, Cascante-Bonilla creates simulated environments for embodied agents to learn in a safe, controlled setting, aiming to facilitate effective collaboration and problem-solving for complex tasks by leveraging the implicit knowledge of large-scale pre-trained deep learning models.
Cascante-Bonilla is the recipient of the Ken Kennedy Institute SLB Graduate Fellowship (2022/23), she was selected as a Future Faculty Fellow by Rice's George R. Brown School of Engineering (2023) and as a Rising Star in EECS (2023).
Location: NCS 120
Abstract: Vision-language models that see and describe the world are now part of our daily lives, from internet search and accessibility tools to content generation and automatic moderation. However, as these models grow and become more widely used, their limitations have also become increasingly visible. In particular, it has been shown that these models are unable to reliably perform complex tasks that require abstraction and compositional reasoning. For example, they struggle to decompose an image or text into entities, attributes, and relations, and then reason over new combinations of these elements. As a result, we see generated content full of hallucinations, privacy leaks in images, and different types of biases in the model outputs.In this talk, I will outline a research agenda that aims to build trustworthy vision-language models in the age of generative AI. I will begin with compositional reasoning: how natural language inference can be used to decompose complex instructions and captions into atomic, verifiable statements, improving both evaluation and model behavior on tasks that require multi-step reasoning. I will then discuss how synthetic data and simulated environments can be used to train more reliable models, and how they can also stress-test models beyond standard benchmarks, revealing when models drop attributes, break object relations, or fail under distribution shifts. I will also share recent work on using hallucination correction as a signal to improve video-language alignment, and on privacy-preserving image understanding for blind and low-vision users. I will conclude with possible ways we can systematically probe, debug, and repair these models, turning synthetic perception into something we can trust in real-world deployments.
Speaker: Paola Cascante-Bonilla is a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Stony Brook University (SUNY). Before that, she was a Postdoctoral Associate at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), developing methods and metrics related to trustworthy machine learning. She received her Ph.D. in Computer Science at Rice University in 2024, working on Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and Machine Learning.Her research focuses on developing systems that enable compositional reasoning and common-sense inference through vision and language, while tackling issues such as cultural biases, data distribution, explainability, and trustworthy AI. Additionally, Cascante-Bonilla creates simulated environments for embodied agents to learn in a safe, controlled setting, aiming to facilitate effective collaboration and problem-solving for complex tasks by leveraging the implicit knowledge of large-scale pre-trained deep learning models.
Cascante-Bonilla is the recipient of the Ken Kennedy Institute SLB Graduate Fellowship (2022/23), she was selected as a Future Faculty Fellow by Rice's George R. Brown School of Engineering (2023) and as a Rising Star in EECS (2023).
Location: NCS 120
