How to Succeed in Language Design Without Really Trying presented by Professor Brian Kernighan

ABSTRACT: Why do some languages succeed while others fall by the wayside? I've helped create nearly a dozen languages (mostly small) over the years; a handful are still in widespread use, while others have languished or simply disappeared. I've also been present at the creation of several other languages, including some really major ones. In this talk I'll give my humble, but correct, opinion on factors that affect success and failure, and try to offer some insight into what to do if you're trying to design a new language yourself, and why that might be a good thing.

BIO: Brian Kernighan received a PhD in electrical engineering from Princeton in 1969. He joined the Computer Science department at Princeton in 2000, after many years at Bell Labs. He is a co-creator of several programming languages, including AWK and AMPL, and of a number of tools for document preparation. He is the co-author of a dozen books and some technical papers, and holds 5 patents.
He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His research areas include programming languages, tools and interfaces that make computers easier to use, often for non-specialist users. He has also written two books on technology for
non-technical audiences: Understanding the Digital World in 2017 and Millions, Billions, Zillions: Defending Yourself in a World of Too Many Numbers, published in 2018. His most recent book, Unix: A History and a Memoir, was published in October 2019.

CSE 600 Talk: Squeezing Software Performance via Eliminating Wasteful Operations presented by Xu Liu

ABSTRACT: Inefficiencies abound in complex, layered software. A variety of inefficiencies show up as wasteful memory operations, such as redundant or useless memory loads and stores. Aliasing, limited optimization scopes, and insensitivity to input and execution contexts act as severe deterrents to static program analysis. Microscopic observation of whole executions at instruction- and operand-level granularity breaks down abstractions and helps recognize redundancies that masquerade in complex programs. In this talk, I will describe various wasteful memory operations, which pervasively exist in modern
software packages and expose great potential for optimization. I will discuss the design of a fine-grained instrumentation-based profiling framework that identifies wasteful operations in their contexts, which guides nontrivial performance improvement. Furthermore, I will show our recent improvement to the profiling framework by abandoning
instrumentation, which reduces the runtime overhead from 10x to 3% on average. I will show how our approach works for native binaries and various managed languages such as Java, yielding new performance insights for optimization.

BIO: Xu Liu is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science at College of William & Mary. He obtained his PhD from Rice University in 2014 and joined the College of William & Mary in the same year. Prof. Liu works on building performance tools to pinpoint and optimize inefficiencies in HPC code bases. He has developed several open-source profiling tools, which are used worldwide at universities, DOE national laboratories and industrial companies. Prof. Liu has published a number of papers in high-quality venues. His papers received Best Paper Award at SC'15, PPoPP'18, PPoPP'19 and ASPLOS'17 Highlights, as well as Distinguished Paper Award at ICSE'19. His recent ASPLOS'18 paper has been selected as ACM SIGPLAN Research Highlights in 2019 and nominated for CACM Research Highlights. Prof. Liu is the receipt of 2019 IEEE TCHPC Early Career Researchers Award for Excellence in High Performance Computing. Prof. Liu served on the program committee of conferences such as SC, PPoPP, IPDPS, CGO, HPCA and ASPLOS.

CSE 600 Talk: Securing Software-Defined Networking Infrastructure by Dr. Guofei Gu

ABSTRACT: Today's network and computing infrastructure rests on inadequate  foundations. An emerging, promising new foundation for computing is software-defined infrastructure (SDI), which offers a range of  
technologies including: compute, storage and network virtualization;  novel separation of concerns at the systems level; and new approaches to system and device management. As a representative example of SDI,  
software-defined networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm that decouples the control logic from the closed and proprietary implementations of traditional network data plane infrastructure. SDN is now becoming the networking foundation for data-center/cloud, future Internet and 5G infrastructures.  

We believe that SDN is an impactful technology to drive a variety of innovations in network management and security. It is now clear that security will be a top concern, as well as a new killer app, for SDN. In this talk, I will discuss some new opportunities, as well as challenges, in this new direction and demonstrate with our recent  
research results. I will discuss how SDN can enhance network security. And I will also discuss some unique new security problems inside SDN and introduce some of our work to enhance the security of SDN. Finally, I will share my vision on programmable system security in a software-defined world.  

BIO: Dr. Guofei Gu is a professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Texas A&M University (TAMU). Before coming to Texas A&M, he received his PhD degree in Computer Science from the College  
of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology. His research interests are in network and systems security.  
Dr. Gu is a recipient of 2010 NSF CAREER Award, 2013 AFOSR Young  Investigator Award, 2010 IEEE S&P Best Student Paper Award, 2015 ICDCS Best Paper Award, Texas A&M Dean of Engineering Excellence Award,  
Presidential Impact Fellow, Charles H. Barclay Jr. '45 Faculty Fellow and the Google Faculty Research Award. He is an active member of the security research community and has pioneered several new research directions such as botnet detection/defense and SDN security. Dr. Gu has served on the program committees of top-tier security conferences such as IEEE S&P, ACM CCS, USENIX Security and NDSS. He is an ACM Distinguished Member, an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (T-IFS), and the Steering Committee co-chair for SecureComm. He is currently directing the SUCCESS Lab at TAMU.

Postmortem Program Analysis from a Conventional Program Analysis Method to an AI-assisted Approach

Abstract: Despite the best efforts of developers, software inevitably contains flaws that may be leveraged as security vulnerabilities. Modern operating systems integrate various security mechanisms to prevent software faults from being exploited. To bypass these defenses and hijack program execution, an attacker needs to constantly mutate an exploit and make many attempts. While in their attempts, the exploit triggers a security vulnerability and makes the running process abnormally terminate.

After a program has crashed and abnormally terminated, it typically leaves behind a snapshot of its crashing state in the form of a core dump. While a core dump carries a large amount of information, which has long been used for software debugging, it barely serves as informative debugging aids in locating software faults, particularly memory corruption vulnerabilities. As such, previous research mainly seeks fully reproducible execution tracing to identify software vulnerabilities in crashes. However, such techniques are usually impractical for complex programs. Even for simple programs, the overhead of fully reproducible tracing may only be acceptable at the time of in-house testing.

In this talk, I will discuss how we tackle this issue by bridging program analysis with artificial intelligence (AI). More specifically, I will first talk about the history of postmortem program analysis, characterizing and disclosing their limitations. Second, I will introduce how we design a new reverse-execution approach for postmortem program analysis. Third, I will discuss how we integrate AI into our reverse-execution method to escalate its analysis efficiency and accuracy. Last but not least, as part of this talk, I will demonstrate the effectiveness of this AI-assisted postmortem program analysis framework by using massive amounts of real-world programs.

Bio: Dr. Xinyu Xing is an Assistant Professor at Pennsylvania State University. His research interests include exploring, designing and developing new program analysis and AI techniques to automate vulnerability discovery, failure reproduction, vulnerability diagnosis (and triage), exploit and security patch generation. His past research has been featured by many mainstream media and received the best paper awards from ACM CCS and ACSAC. Going beyond academic research, he also actively participates and hosts many world-class cybersecurity competitions (such as HITB and XCTF). As the founder of JD-OMEGA, his team has been selected for DEFCON/GeekPwn AI challenge grand final at Las Vegas. Currently, his research is mainly supported by NSF, ONR, NSA and industry partners.

Making sense of Twitter @ Bloomberg presented by Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro

ABSTRACT: The Bloomberg Terminal has provided ways for investors and journalists to sift through and understand the immense volume of tweets and discover financially-relevant content ever since the SEC approved the use of Twitter for company disclosures back in 2013.

In the first part of the talk, I will showcase how tweets impact financial markets and how Bloomberg is using Natural Language Processing methods to identify financially relevant tweets that move the markets. Our processing pipeline feeds directly to clients, journalists in the newsroom and powers several news analytic products offered by the company including trending companies and consumer sentiment for publicly traded equities.

However, understanding user pragmatic intent in individual tweets would allow us to gain deeper insights and enable new applications. I will present several recent research studies focused on understanding intent including identifying complaints and the roles with which vulgarity is used in social media and how these can help improve applications such as sentiment analysis and hate speech detection.

BIO: Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro is a Senior Research Engineer and Team Lead at Bloomberg LP, where he works on analyzing and building models for real-world large scale social media and news mining and information extraction. His research interests are focused on understanding the social and temporal aspects of text, especially from social media, with applications in domains such as Social Psychology, Law, Political Science and Journalism. Several of his research studies were featured in popular press including the Washington Post, BBC, New Scientist, Scientific American or FiveThirtyEight. He is a co-organizer of the Natural Legal Language Processing workshop series. Prior to joining Bloomberg LP, Daniel was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Pennsylvania with the interdisciplinary World Well Being Project and obtained his PhD in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning at the University of Sheffield, UK.

Hidden Biases. Ethical Issues in NLP, and What to Do about Them presented by Dirk Hovy of Bocconi University

ABSTRACT: Through language, we fundamentally express who we are as humans. This property makes text a fantastic resource for research into the complexity of the human mind, from social sciences to humanities. However, it is exactly that property that also creates some ethical problems. Texts reflect the authors' biases, which get magnified by statistical models. This has unintended consequences for our analysis: If our data is not reflective of the population as a whole, if we do not pay attention to the biases contained, we can easily draw the wrong conclusions, and create disadvantages for our users.

In this talk, I will discuss several types of biases that affect NLP models, their sources, and potential counter measures: (1) Bias stemming from data, i.e., selection bias (if our texts do not adequately reflect the population we want to study), label bias (if the labels we use are skewed) and semantic bias (the latent stereotypes encoded in embeddings); (2) Biases deriving from the models themselves, i.e., their tendency to amplify any imbalances that are present in the data; (3) Design bias, i.e., the biases arising from our (the researchers) decisions which topics to analyze, which data sets to use, and what to do with them. For each bias, I will provide examples and discuss the possible ramifications for a wide range of applications, and various ways to address and counteract these biases, ranging from simple labeling considerations to new types of models.

BIO: Dirk Hovey is an associate professor of Computer Science in the department of marketing at Bocconi University. He received his PhD from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, where he worked as a research assistant at the Information Sciences Institute. 

He works in Natural Language Processing (NLP), a subfield of artificial intelligence. His research focuses on computational social science. His interests include integrating sociolinguistic knowledge into NLP models, using large-scale statistics to model the interaction between people's socio-demographic profile and their language use, and ethics for data science and algorithmic fairness.

CSE 600 Talk: Haibin Ling - Computer Vision Research and Applications


Abstract: Having been intensively studied over half a decade, computer vision has evolved as a broad research area and become mature in many applications. In this talk, we will summarize our work in computer vision in both core vision topics and application-oriented ones. In particular, for core vision problems, we will report studies on visual tracking, visual matching and visual detection; for applications, we will describe our work on medical image analysis, intelligent transportation, smart projector systems and preliminary work on material property prediction.

Bio: Haibin Ling received the BS and MS degrees from Peking University in 1997 and 2000, respectively, and the PhD degree from the University of Maryland, College Park, in 2006. From 2000 to 2001, he was an assistant researcher at Microsoft Research Asia. From 2006 to 2007, he worked as a postdoctoral scientist at the University of California Los Angeles. In 2007, he joined Siemens Corporate Research as a research scientist. From 2008 to 2019, he worked as a faculty member of Temple University. In fall 2019, he joined the Department of Computer Science of Stony Brook University where he is currently a SUNY Empire Innovation Professor. His research interests include computer vision, augmented reality, medical image analysis, and human computer interaction. He received the Best Student Paper Award at the ACM UIST in 2003, and the NSF CAREER Award in 2014. He serves as Associate Editor for several journals including IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), Pattern Recognition (PR), and Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU). He has served or will serve as Area Chair for CVPR 2014, 2016, 2019 and 2020.

Hyperscale Verification in Microsoft Azure talk by Nikolaj Bjorner

Abstract: Cloud providers are increasingly embracing network verification for managing complex datacenter network infrastructure. Microsoft's Azure cloud infrastructure integrates the SecGuru tool, which leverages the Z3 Satisfiability Modulo Theories solver, for checking network access
control lists. It also integrates a verifier that uses both custom verification algorithms and Z3 that checks correctness of forwarding tables in Azure data-centers. These tools assure that the network is configured to preserve desired intent over hundreds of thousands of network devices. We describe our experiences building and running SecGuru for network verification in Azure.

Finally we mention recent advances in Z3, including a distributed version of Z3 that scales with Azure's elastic cloud. It integrates recent advances in lookahead and distributed SAT solving for Z3's
engines for SMT. A different recent advance includes integration of DNNs to learn variable branching strategies for high-performance SAT solvers, including MiniSAT, Glucose and Z3's SAT solver.

Bio: Nikolaj Bjorner is a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, Redmond, working in the area of Automated Theorem Proving and Software Engineering. His current main line of work is around the state-of-the art theorem prover Z3, which is used as a foundation of several software engineering tools. Z3 received the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN Software System award and most influential tool paper in the first 20 years of TACAS in 2014, and test of time award at ETAPS 2018. Together with Leonardo de Moura received the CADE 2019 Herbrand award for contributions to SMT and applications. Previously, he developed the DFSR, Distributed File System - Replication, and Remote Differential
Compression protocols, RDC, part of Windows Server since 2005 and before that worked on distributed file sharing systems at a startup, and program synthesis and transformation systems at the Kestrel Institute. He received his Master's and PhD degrees in computer science from Stanford University.

Talk by Zhenhua Liu to be followed by AI Institute updates


Abstract: Decision making with uncertainty has been studied in multiple communities extensively. Recently, online optimization has gained popularity partially because of its promising performance guarantees by incorporating predictions. In this talk, I will provide an overview of our work on algorithm designs for online optimization and its applications. Then, I will talk about our recent work in ACM Sigmetrics 2019 on choosing predictions and control algorithms simultaneously and dynamically. Finally, I will discuss some ongoing efforts and collaboration opportunities.

Bio: Zhenhua Liu is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at Stony Brook University. He is also affiliated with the Department of Computer Science, the AI Institute and the Smart Energy Technology Cluster. He received his PhD degree in Computer Science from California Institute of Technology. His current research interests include cloud computing, online optimization and learning, smart grid, market design and distributed control. His research combines rigorous analysis and system design, and goes from theory, to prototype, and eventually to industry to make real impacts.

A talk by Jerome Zhengrong Liang entitled, Machine Learning from Original Images to Texture Patterns: A Paradigm Shift from Non-Medical Application to Medical Diagnosis.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) research for medical diagnosis started soon after human began to use computer, initially called artificial neural network (ANN) and now convolutional neural network (CNN). ANN has been mainly explored to classify the experts' handcrafted features from the original (or raw) images, while CNN has been mainly explored directly on the raw images for both tasks of extracting abstract features and classifying the features.

Experimental evidences have been shown that CNN can be trained by a large number of the raw images with experts' scores (or labels) to match or even surpass the experts' performance for both non-medical and medical diagnosis applications. However, the performances of the CNN models as well as the experts on medical diagnosis dropped dramatically when the labels of the raw images were replaced by the corresponding medical pathological reports.

Accumulated medical knowledge reveals that the lesion heterogeneity is a footprint of lesion evolution and ecology, and the heterogeneity is an indicator of lesion progress and response to medical intervention. The heterogeneity can be reflected by the image contrast distribution (or texture patterns) across the lesion volume. Image textures have been shown as an effective descriptor of the lesion heterogeneity for computer-aided diagnosis.

Can we map the raw images into texture patterns (or images) and train CNN to learn from the texture images? This question is the central theme of this presentation with application to CT Colonography or virtual colonoscopy, a game from AlphaGo to PolypGo.

Bio: Jerome Zhengrong Liang, PhD, IEEE Fellow
Imaging Research and Informatics Laboratory
Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University